Historical and Social Background in Tudor England

Chronicled and Social Background: Shakespeare and Britain The tradition of the sixteenth century of Britain created three extraordinary pioneers who left a permanent blemish on the century and on the nation. The three rulers were: * Henry VII * Henry VIII * Elizabeth I In the earlier century before these three incredible pioneers the foundation of government had been extraordinarily debilitated. It was not until Henry VII that is was demonstrated that a solid government could fill in as a balancing out force in the country.The fundamental accomplishment for Henry VII was that he figured out how to keep up power in England for over twenty years. The enlistment of an extraordinary ruler additionally brought along the debilitating of the parliament and the aristocrats in the public arena. The sixteenth century was the era of the rebel against the Roman Catholic Church †which turned out to be generally known as the scandalous Reformation and saw the establishment of the Protestant C hurches with Martin Luther as the representative for the turn of events. It was Henry VIII who affected the English transformation due to conditions spinning around his private life.His spouse couldn't give him the male replacement he longed for, and when he asked of the Pope to give ham a separation so he could wed another person, at that point the Pope can't. Consequently Henry VIII concluded that the English Church would split away from the Roman and with the Act of Supremacy he turned into the leader of the Church. The country generally got this as cheerful news since the Pope presently no longer could meddle in the nation’s business. Tudor-England was fundamentally independent the populace developed consistently and the nation had a major production.England was the principal nation that presented the industrialization in the whole world, lead on by the quickly developing fleece industry. The need to deliver increasingly more implied that life in the field started to chan ge. Less individuals were expected to work the land, and a procedure started that in the next hundreds of years would see a large number of individuals move away from the nation to towns and urban communities. Be that as it may, Tudor-England still basically stayed a provincial nation with more than 90 percent of the populace living in the countryside.Life was difficult for the individuals living in Tudor England, however the Poor Law incited in 1601 would improve conditions for ages. The Poor Law was the initial phase in setting up a â€Å"welfare state†. The Dutch fleece advertise fallen in 1550, which implied that England needed to discover new markets and new types of exchange to continue financial and social turn of events. It was Elizabeth I who rendered it conceivable by looking past the fringes of Europa and towards Asia and America. It was the initial move towards extension. In any case, Spain had just begun misuses in America and was not ready to surrender that adve rtise without a fight.England and Spain battled a war for the command over the oceans. Britain obliterated the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the military achievement implied that England could develop provinces wherever on the planet both in Asia and America. The East India Company was set up in 1601. At the point when the remainder of the Tudor Monarchs, Elizabeth I, passed on in 1603 she abandoned a domain that had changes extraordinarily since her granddad Henry VII had become lord in 1485. It was a prosperous and dynamic nation whose ruler deserved the admiration of the individuals both as leader of the Church and head of state. Chronicled and Social Background in Tudor England Chronicled and Social Background: Shakespeare and Britain The administration of the sixteenth century of Britain created three extraordinary pioneers who left a permanent blemish on the century and on the nation. The three rulers were: * Henry VII * Henry VIII * Elizabeth I In the earlier century before these three incredible pioneers the organization of government had been enormously debilitated. It was not until Henry VII that is was demonstrated that a solid government could fill in as a balancing out force in the country.The principle accomplishment for Henry VII was that he figured out how to keep up power in England for over twenty years. The acceptance of an incredible ruler additionally brought along the debilitating of the parliament and the aristocrats in the public eye. The sixteenth century was the time of the rebel against the Roman Catholic Church †which turned out to be generally known as the scandalous Reformation and saw the establishment of the Protestant Churc hes with Martin Luther as the representative for the turn of events. It was Henry VIII who prompted the English transformation due to conditions spinning around his private life.His spouse couldn't give him the male replacement he longed for, and when he asked of the Pope to concede ham a separation so he could wed another person, at that point the Pope won't. In this way Henry VIII concluded that the English Church would split away from the Roman and with the Act of Supremacy he turned into the leader of the Church. The country generally got this as cheerful news since the Pope currently no longer could meddle in the nation’s business. Tudor-England was fundamentally independent the populace developed consistently and the nation had a major production.England was the main nation that presented the industrialization in the whole world, lead on by the quickly developing fleece industry. The need to create increasingly more implied that life in the wide open started to change. Less individuals were expected to work the land, and a procedure started that in the next hundreds of years would see a great many individuals move away from the nation to towns and urban communities. Be that as it may, Tudor-England still essentially stayed a provincial nation with more than 90 percent of the populace living in the countryside.Life was difficult for the individuals living in Tudor England, yet the Poor Law incited in 1601 would improve conditions for ages. The Poor Law was the initial phase in setting up a â€Å"welfare state†. The Dutch fleece showcase fallen in 1550, which implied that England needed to discover new markets and new types of exchange to support financial and social turn of events. It was Elizabeth I who rendered it conceivable by looking past the fringes of Europa and towards Asia and America. It was the initial move towards development. In any case, Spain had just begun misuses in America and was not ready to surrender that advertise witho ut a fight.England and Spain battled a war for the power over the oceans. Britain obliterated the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the military achievement implied that England could develop provinces wherever on the planet both in Asia and America. The East India Company was set up in 1601. At the point when the remainder of the Tudor Monarchs, Elizabeth I, kicked the bucket in 1603 she abandoned a domain that had changes enormously since her granddad Henry VII had become lord in 1485. It was a prosperous and dynamic nation whose ruler deserved the admiration of the individuals both as leader of the Church and head of state.

Free Essays on Comapring Lord Of The Rings To Old English Times

The exemplary story Lord of the Rings, composed by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, roused numerous reader’s creative mind while giving them a sample of imagination as well as Old English history also. As an Old English Professor, the creator depicted numerous components drawn from this absolute first time of English Literature. Subsequently, an air of good and detestable, run of the mill of Old English, saturates all through this work of fiction. In such a setting experienced the Old English-like hobbits who talked an Old English-propelled language and rehearsed Old English traditions. The setting of Lord of the Rings has an Old English quality, regularly one were acceptable and insidious is battled. In the novel, the setting changes commonly, from â€Å"frightening underworlds to otherworldly prairie like scenes†1 that represents goodness. The book happens in Middle Earth, which is depicted by Tolkien as a baffling spot brimming with demonstrations of exemplary nature and devilishness. Case of a spots where terrible practices happens are clearly the Mount of Doom, Rohan Forest, the Mines of Moria2 and the profound dim woods at dusk. Fog, Rain and melancholy are on the whole qualities of these dim environment. Then again, Tolkien makes a quiet situation. Instances of quiet peaceful environmental factors are found in the author’s portrayal of the Forest of Lothorien, home of the mythical people and the slopes of the Shire where the hobbits live and where an air depicted by Tolkien as â€Å"A crude reality, immaculate and uninfluenced by human advancem ent or artificiality†3: and â€Å"Partially dim, particularly grim and dreary†4 rules. The idea of the two spots represents goodness. These two settings of good and insidiousness stand up to one another all through the story, as observed all the more unmistakably through the characters of the occupants. The hobbits live in the quiet slopes of the Shire. They are a type of smaller than normal individuals with â€Å"pointy ears whose tallness extend is somewhere in the range of two and four charge... Free Essays on Comapring Lord Of The Rings To Old English Times Free Essays on Comapring Lord Of The Rings To Old English Times The great story Lord of the Rings, composed by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, roused numerous reader’s creative mind while giving them a sample of imagination as well as Old English history also. As an Old English Professor, the creator depicted numerous components drawn from this absolute first time of English Literature. Thus, a climate of good and insidious, run of the mill of Old English, pervades all through this work of fiction. In such a setting experienced the Old English-like hobbits who talked an Old English-enlivened language and rehearsed Old English traditions. The setting of Lord of the Rings has an Old English quality, regularly one were acceptable and detestable is battled. In the novel, the setting changes commonly, from â€Å"frightening underworlds to mystical prairie like scenes†1 that represents goodness. The book happens in Middle Earth, which is depicted by Tolkien as a baffling spot brimming with demonstrations of honesty and fiendishness. Case of a spots where awful practices happens are obviously the Mount of Doom, Rohan Forest, the Mines of Moria2 and the profound dull woods at dusk. Fog, Rain and bleak are on the whole attributes of these dinky environment. Then again, Tolkien makes a tranquil domain. Instances of quiet serene environmental factors are found in the author’s depiction of the Forest of Lothorien, home of the mythical people and the slopes of the Shire where the hobbits live and where an air portrayed by Tolkien as â€Å"A crude reality, immaculate and uninfluenced by progress or artificialityâ₠¬ 3: and â€Å"Partially dull, particularly bleak and dreary†4 rules. The idea of the two spots represents goodness. These two settings of good and malice defy each other all through the story, as observed all the more unmistakably through the characters of the occupants. The hobbits live in the quiet slopes of the Shire. They are a type of smaller than normal individuals with â€Å"pointy ears whose stature run is somewhere in the range of two and four expense...

How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages

How the Plot Pyramid Keeps Readers Turning Pages A plot diagram, plot skeleton, plot structure, or plot pyramidâ€"these are common names for a universal setup of stories that spans time periods, genres, and literary movements. In the simplest of terms, its the way humans have always told stories. When you take away the individual character traits and plot points of a certain story and narrow it down to its conflict and basic structure, youll find that most stories are the same.The reason for this is because the basic plot diagram works. It appeals to our humanity as readers and touches on experiences weve all shared, regardless of our socioeconomic status or background. Its how we analyze our own life story (subconsciously) and how we piece together connections between experiences.How it worksYou begin the story with a character. This part is known as the exposition or introduction, and in it, you learn important information that sets up the action of the story.Next, your character experiences some type of challenge or struggle. Th is is known as the rising action. This can be in the form of other people, nature or a conflict within himself/herself. The rising action can look like a heart monitor (several peaks and valleys as the character faces increasingly larger obstacles and overcomes them) or like one large peak, with the climax at the top.The climax is the point at which the character faces his greatest challenge and overcomes it. In action stories, this could be the final battle between the protagonist and antagonist. In romance, this could be the moment when all seems lost between the lovers but they suddenly find themselves in each others arms to profess their undying love.Finally, there is the resolution or the dénouement. This is the moment when life returns to normal and the reader experiences resolution along with your characters. Its a cathartic process and the reason this plot diagram works every time, in every story.Here is a plot diagram from DiagramsCharts.comThe basic building blocksSo, kno wing that there is a basic setup common to almost every story that has ever been told or written by humanity, what about the other building blocks? Are there particular traits that are important in making a story appeal to audiences?Researchers at Georgetown Universitys Center for Social Impact Communication sought to identify the five key aspects of compelling stories, and heres what they found every story should have:An effective characterThere needs to be at least one compelling character to which readers can relate. It needs to be a character that is realistic, authentic and someone readers can root for. It also should be someone who has a need that is universal (a need everyone can relate to), whether that is seeking for a real connection with someone or trying to survive.TrajectoryThe trajectory is another way to describe the rising action, climax and falling action of the plot pyramid. There needs to be an experience or journey that brings about transformation in the characte r. Think of it as a force that pulls the story forward and makes the reader want to turn the page.AuthenticityAccording to the article, If the trajectory of a story is its skeleton, then authenticity is the meat that adds critical substance to those bones. Through an authentic characters voice and/or thoughts, authors are able to create someone who is compellingâ€"someone readers would want to get to know if they encountered someone similar in real life.Action-oriented emotionsWhen you get angryâ€"really angryâ€"what actions do you show? Do you slam doors? Raise your voice? Does your voice shake?These kinds of actions are always more compelling to read about than passive ones, which is why when someone is arguing with another person in public, people will stop to listen. Its human nature to be drawn to such raw displays of emotion. The same is true of readers. Give your characters compelling, raw situations that elicit action-oriented emotions.A hookA compelling story needs to hook readers as quickly as possible and then keep them hooked. Some authors do this with a fast-paced storyline told with short chapters that end with a suspenseful moment, allowing a sense of urgency to keep readers wanting to turn the page. Other authors do this by building profound or interesting characters, dropping hints about some mysterious past or present as the story is told. Whichever method you use, keeping the reader hooked is what makes a good book impossible to put down.

One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey - 1534 Words

The portrayal of women and minorities in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, shows readers the opinions of a majority of the population during the 1960s in which women in power were ridiculed. The book’s antagonist Nurse Ratched is presented as machine-like, and robotic. This shows how author Ken Kesey dehumanizes women who are in power, and decides to take away all their feminine qualities when they are in power because to Kesey it simply doesn t make sense that a female can be in a position of power. Women in power are illustrated as threatening figures who emasculate and belittle men, which is suggested by the various characters presented throughout the novel. According to the author,whenever there is a woman in any position of power, everyone under her are â€Å"...victims of the matriarchy† (Kesey 61). This quote directly correlates with Kesey’s overall misogynistic tone against women throughout the book. One of the protagonists, McMurphy describes how the patients in the mental ward under Nurse Ratched’s control and supervision are all weak and suffering because of her ruthless control. Through the different relationships presented in the novel, it is easy to understand that the author has a more sexist view of life. He feels that there is a traditional role for men and women,and women should always be inferior. Kesey reveals his bias against women and expresses his views on more positive qualities of masculinity and males in general. In theShow MoreRelatedOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1925 Words   |  8 PagesPatient: Bromden, Chief For many years in modern history, what occurred in mental institutions were not well known and discussed about widely. One book that actually brought the reality of what happens inside mental institutions to public attention was the book entitled â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey. The book shows the lives of the people residing in an Oregon mental asylum through the perspective of the patient named Chief Bromden. In the book, it isn’t stated exactly whatRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1860 Words   |  8 PagesThe book titled, â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey is what I chose to read and evaluate. Before I go any further, it is important to share some of Kesey’s background in order to better understand why he wrote this book. After receiving his bachelor’s degree, Kesey ended up at Stanford University in a creative writing program. During his time at Stanford, he volunteered himself to be in an experimental drug program where he was used to test the different effects of the drugs atRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1332 Words   |  6 Pagesboth a bully or that one individual that we simply didn t need to be around or even anybody they knew. Additionally, every person has had that one character they favored, for sticking up for themselves and declaring what they wanted, even though it intended sure punishment. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest by author Ken Kesey, these attributes stick out in the story. A dialogue of the setting, theme, and character situations into the story will help one capture how ones’ feelings fall into lineRead MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1629 Words   |  7 Pages1962, Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest is a timeless classic. This novel has been subject to analysis through many different literary lenses: feminist, Marxist, and of course, psychoa nalytic. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest provides a plethora of evidence when it comes to using the psychoanalytic lens. The lens in question deals with the teaching of Sigmund Freud. When reading this novel, the audience sees quite clearly that the world of psychology plays an impactful role in One Flew OverRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1579 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest by Ken Kesey we are taken into the mind of a mental hospital patient who does not seem to cope well with reality. The whole book itself, revolves around the issue of either being sane or not. We are met with the thought of whether the narrator themselves are sane. But when it comes to our world today, we must ask ourselves how can we define someone as insane or sane? If if we can, who should be in charge of saying that they are? The first character thatRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1873 Words   |  8 PagesThe novel I chose to read was entitled â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey. First off, It is important to provide some of Ken Kesey’s background in order to better understand why he wrote it. After receiving his bachelor’s degree, Kesey ended up at Stanford in a creative writing program. He ended up volunteering in an experimental drug program where he was used to test the different effects of the drugs at the Local Veterans Administration hospital. This was where he began toRead MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Geese in the Wolf’s Nest â€Å"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.† (Orwell). Although animals might only look like animals, they are symbols of deeper meanings. Throughout the fiction novel One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, many symbols/motifs are presented in the form of animals that represent characters. These animals give meaning to the story and illuminate the plot by givingRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1622 Words   |  7 Pagesor someone. Leadership on the other hand, may be a tool used to overcome authority which is depicted when McMurphy is admitted into the ward and effectively changes the patient’s lives for the better. Throughout the novel, One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, McMurphy’s leadership dominates Nurse Ratched’s authority due to his success in transforming the patie nts into better people from the second of his arrival and giving them the option to live a better life. McMurphy, a gamblerRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1625 Words   |  7 PagesWorks of literature innately embody the author’s ideology and the historical context of the given time period. Within the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, the author furthers his ideals against the issue of oppression as he attempts to take stabs against its deteriorating effects and support those who rebel. Set in the microcosm of a small mental hospital, he establishes man’s external struggle to overcome tyranny. At the head of the head of the ward is the corrupted characterRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2637 Words   |  11 Pages The Author and His/Her Times: Ken Kesey was born on September 17, 1935 and died on November 10, 2011 at age 66. Kesey was once arrested for possession of marijuana and a â€Å"faked suicide† and was put into prison for five years. He also had a lot of experimentation with psy choactive drugs, which could spark his interest in the human mind, which has a lot of influence on the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The novel was put on The Times list of To honor Kesey after his death, there is a film

A Brief Note On The Civil War And The Beginning Of...

Vincent Vincent Afro American 133 Professor Toussaint Losier 10 March 2016 Midterm Exam Essay 1. Emancipation is now viewed as a process rather than a single act. Describe this process from the beginning of the Civil War to the beginning of Reconstruction. Who were the major players and what were their contributions to Emancipation? In particular, how did African Americans, both enslaved and free, push forward this process of emancipation? Introduction - Emancipation in General The election of President Abraham Lincoln on November 6, 1860, was seen as a new fresh air for most African American people back then. The emancipation proclamation was then declared on January 1, 1863 by President Lincoln in Washington D.C. President Lincoln in†¦show more content†¦Border states were supporting slaveries at the time and that was why slavery became an unavoidable issue along with the Civil War. Civil War The Civil War officially started on April 12, 1861, when the confederate troops attacked federal garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Three days later on April 15, President Lincoln issued proclamation calling for troops to put down the rebellion. Generally, slavery was the primal cause of the civil war as Frederick Douglas said in the McPherson’s book, â€Å"The simple way, then, to put an end to the savage and desolating war now waged by the slaveholders, is to strike down slavery itself, the primal cause of that war.† Generally, the Civil War was caused from the different views of slavery between the North and South. Later on, Southern states decided to secede and caused many slaves to escape from South to North, which then triggered the war even worse. In the beginning of the war, North was not really agree with the idea of African American people fighting in the war. However, it came to a point where the North was lack of soldiers and powers. The decision to in clude African American to the troops then was inevitable. While the majority of black troops in the South were slave, in the North, the black troops were free blacks. In fact, the presence of African American did change the war map. Black troops proved their determination and willingness to fight in the war, which was reflected from the Massachusetts 54th and 55th

The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 4 Free Essays

string(73) " and they fought the townspeople \?C Jesus managed to get away unharmed\." Jesus Begins His Ministry Not long afterwards came news that John the Baptist had been arrested by order of King Herod Antipas, the son of the Herod who had ordered the massacre of the children in Bethlehem. The king had taken away the wife of his brother Philip and married her, in defiance of the law of Moses, and John had criticised him boldly. The king was angry, and ordered his arrest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now That seemed to be a signal for Jesus, and he began at once to preach and teach in Capernaum and the nearby towns around the Sea of Galilee. Like John, he warned people to repent of their sins, and told them that the Kingdom of God was very near and would be coming soon. Many people were impressed by his words, but some thought he was reckless, because the Roman authorities would not be pleased to hear such inflammatory words, and neither would the leaders of the Jews. And soon Jesus began to attract followers. As he was walking along the shore of the lake one day he fell into conversation with two brothers, fishermen called Peter and Andrew, who were casting a net into the water. ‘Come with me,’ he said, ‘and help me catch men and women instead of fish.’ Seeing these two go with him, some other fishermen called James and John, the sons of Zebedee, left their father and followed him too. Before long Jesus was renowned in the district not only for his words but also for the remarkable events that were said to happen wherever he was. For example, he went to Peter’s house one day, and found Peter’s mother-in-law sick with a fever. Jesus went in to speak to her, and presently she felt well again and got up to serve them all food. This was said to be a miracle. Another time, he was in the synagogue at Capernaum on the Sabbath, when a man began shouting, ‘Why have you come here, Jesus of Nazareth? What d’you think you’re doing? Leave us alone! Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are! You call yourself the Holy One of God ?C is that who you are? Is it?’ The man was a harmless obsessive, one of those poor creatures who shout and scream for reasons even they don’t understand, and hear voices and talk to people who aren’t there. Jesus looked at him calmly and said, ‘You can be quiet now. He’s gone away.’ The man fell silent and stood there abashed, as if he had just woken up to find himself in the middle of the crowd. After that he cried out no more, and people said that it was because Jesus had exorcised him and driven away a devil. So the stories began to spread. People said he could cure all kinds of diseases, and that evil spirits fled when he spoke. When he returned to Nazareth he went to the synagogue on the sabbath, as he always did. He stood up to read, and the attendant handed him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah. ‘Isn’t this the son of Joseph the carpenter?’ someone whispered. ‘I hear he’s been preaching around Capernaum, and working miracles,’ whispered someone else. ‘If he’s from Nazareth, why does he go and perform miracles in Capernaum?’ whispered another. ‘He’d do better to stay here and do some good in his home town.’ Jesus read the words from one part of the book and from another: ‘The spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor. ‘He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free. ‘To proclaim the year of the Lord’s favour.’ He gave the scroll back. All eyes were fixed on him, because everyone was eager to hear what he would say. ‘You want a prophet,’ he said. ‘More than that: you want a miracle-worker. I heard the whispers that ran around the synagogue when I stood up. You want me to do here the things you’ve heard about from Capernaum ?C well, I’ve heard those rumours too, and I have more sense than to believe them. You need to think a bit harder. Some of you know who I am: Jesus, the son of Joseph the carpenter, and this is my home town. When has a prophet ever been honoured in his home town? Consider this, if you think you deserve miracles because of who you are: when there was a famine in the land of Israel, and no rain fell for three years, whom did the prophet Elijah help, by God’s command? An Israelite widow? No, a widow from Zarephath in Sidon. A foreigner. And again, were there lepers in the land of Israel in Elisha’s time? There were many. And whom did he cure? Naaman the Syrian. You think being what you are is enough? You’d better start conside ring what you do.’ Christ was listening to every word his brother spoke, and watching the people carefully, and he wasn’t surprised when a great wave of anger rose among them. He knew these words would provoke them; it was exactly what he would have warned Jesus about, if he’d been asked. This was no way to get a message across. ‘Who does this man think he is?’ said one. ‘How dare he come here and speak to us like this!’ said another. ‘This is scandalous!’ said a third. ‘We shouldn’t have to listen to this man running down his own people, right here in the synagogue!’ And before Jesus could say any more they rose to their feet and seized him. They dragged him to the hill above the town, and they would have hurled him from the top; but in the confusion and the struggle ?C for some of Jesus’s friends and followers were there too, and they fought the townspeople ?C Jesus managed to get away unharmed. You read "The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 4" in category "Essay examples" But Christ had watched it all, and considered the significance of what he’d seen. Wherever Jesus went there was excitement, enthusiasm, and danger too. It surely wouldn’t be long before the authorities took an interest. The Stranger Now at about that time a stranger came to Christ and spoke to him privately. ‘I’m interested in you,’ he said. ‘Your brother is attracting all the attention, but I think you are the one I should speak to.’ ‘Who are you?’ said Christ. ‘And how do you know about me? I have never spoken in public, unlike Jesus.’ ‘I heard a story about your birth. Some shepherds saw a vision that led them to you, and some magicians from the East brought you gifts. Isn’t that so?’ ‘Why, yes,’ said Christ. ‘And I spoke to your mother yesterday, and she told me of what happened when John baptised Jesus. You heard a voice speaking from a cloud.’ ‘My mother should not have spoken of that,’ said Christ modestly. ‘And some years ago, you confounded the priests in the temple at Jerusalem when your brother got into trouble. People remember these things.’ ‘But ?C who are you? And what do you want?’ ‘I want to make sure that you have your rightful reward. I want the world to know your name as well as that of Jesus. In fact I want your name to shine with even greater splendour. He is a man, and only a man, but you are the word of God.’ ‘I don’t know that expression, the word of God. What does it mean? And again, sir ?C who are you?’ ‘There is time, and there is what is beyond time. There is darkness, and there is light. There is the world and the flesh, and there is God. These things are separated by a gulf deeper than any man can measure, and no man can cross it; but the word of God can come from God to the world and the flesh, from light to darkness, from what is beyond time into time. Now I must go away, and you must watch and wait, but I shall come to you again.’ And he left. Christ had not found out his name, but the stranger had spoken with such knowledge and clarity that Christ knew, without having to ask, that he was an important teacher, no doubt a priest, perhaps from Jerusalem itself. After all, he had mentioned the incident in the temple, and how else would he have heard about it? Jesus and the Wine After being thrown out of the synagogue at Nazareth, Jesus found crowds following wherever he went. Some people said that his words showed he had gone out of his mind, and his family tried to speak to him and restrain him, for they were worried about what he would do. But he took little notice of his family. Once, at a wedding in the village of Cana, his mother said to him, ‘Jesus, they’ve run out of wine.’ Jesus answered, ‘What’s that got to do with me, or with you? Are you like my brother, that you want me to perform a miracle?’ Mary did not know how to answer that, so she simply said to the servants, ‘Just do as he says.’ Jesus took the chief steward aside and spoke to him, and soon afterwards the servants discovered more wine. Some said Jesus had created it out of water by means of magic, but others said that the steward had hidden it, hoping to sell it, and Jesus had shamed him into honesty; and yet others only remembered the rough way Jesus spoke to his mother. Another time, when he was speaking to a group of strangers, someone came and told him, ‘Your mother and your brothers and sisters are outside, asking for you.’ Jesus replied: ‘My mother and my brothers and sisters are right here in front of me. I have no family except those who do the will of God, and whoever does the will of God is my mother and my brother and my sister.’ Word of that got back to his family, and they were dismayed. That only added to the scandal that was beginning to surround his name, of course, and gave the people something else to spread stories about. Jesus was aware of the way people were talking about him, and he tried to discourage it. Once, a man whose skin was covered in boils and running sores came to him privately, and said, ‘Lord, if you choose to, you can cure my disease.’ The usual ritual for cleansing a leper (as those with skin diseases were commonly called) was lengthy and expensive. This man might simply have been trying to avoid the cost, but Jesus saw the trust in his eyes, and reached out to embrace him, and kissed his face. And at once the man felt better. Christ, who was nearby, was the only person who was watching, and he saw Jesus’s gesture with astonishment. ‘Now go to the priest, as Moses commanded,’ Jesus told the leper, ‘and get a certificate of cleanliness. But say nothing about this to anyone else, you hear me?’ However, the man disobeyed him and spoke about his cure to everyone he met. Naturally, this made Jesus even more in demand, and wherever he went people came to him both to hear his preaching and to be cured of their sicknesses. Jesus Scandalises the Scribes The local teachers and religious lawyers, the scribes, who were alarmed by his fame, thought they should take steps to deal with him, so they began to attend whenever Jesus was teaching. On one occasion the house where he was speaking was crowded, and some men who had carried a paralysed friend there in the hope that Jesus would heal him found they could not get in at the door; so they carried him up to the roof, scraped off the plaster, removed the beams, and lowered the sick man on a mat down in front of him. Jesus saw that the man and his friends had come in honest hope and faith, and that the crowd was excited and tense with expectation. Knowing the effect it would have, he said to the paralysed man, ‘Friend, your sins are forgiven.’ The scribes ?C village lawyers most of them, men of no great skill or learning ?C said to one another, ‘This is blasphemy! Only God can forgive sins. This man is asking for trouble!’ Jesus saw them whisper, and knew what they would be saying, so he challenged them. ‘Why don’t you come out with it?’ he said. ‘Tell me this: which is easier, to say â€Å"Your sins are forgiven†, or to say â€Å"Take up your mat and walk†?’ The scribes fell into the trap he’d set, and said, ‘To say â€Å"Your sins are forgiven†, of course.’ ‘Very well,’ said Jesus, and turning to the paralysed man, he said, ‘Now, take up your mat and walk.’ The man was so strengthened and inspired by the atmosphere Jesus had created that he found himself able to move. He did just what Jesus had told him to do: he got to his feet, picked up his mat, and went to join his friends outside. The people were scarcely able to believe what they’d seen, and the scribes were confounded. Soon after that, they had something else to be scandalised about. Jesus was walking past a tax office one day, and he stopped to talk to the tax-collector, who was a man called Matthew. Just as he’d done to the fishermen Peter and Andrew, and to James and John the sons of Zebedee, Jesus said to Matthew, ‘Come and follow me.’ At once Matthew left his coins, his abacus, his files and records, and stood up to go with Jesus. In order to mark his new calling as a follower, he gave a dinner for Jesus and the other disciples, and invited many of his old colleagues from the tax department. That was the scandal: the scribes who heard about it could hardly believe that a Jewish teacher, a man who spoke in the synagogue, would share a meal with tax-collectors. ‘Why is he doing this?’ they said to some of the disciples. ‘We have to speak with these people from time to time, but to sit and eat with them!’ Jesus didn’t find that charge difficult to answer. ‘Those who are not sick need no doctor,’ he said. ‘And there’s no need to call righteous people to repent. To speak with sinners is exactly why I’ve come.’ Naturally, Christ was following all this with great interest. Obeying the stranger’s instruction to watch and wait, he was careful not to draw any attention to himself, but stayed in Nazareth, living quietly. He didn’t find that hard to do; although he resembled his brother, of course, he had the sort of face that few people remember, and his manner was always modest and retiring. Nevertheless, he took care to listen to all the reports that came back to the family about what Jesus was doing. It was a time when political feeling in Galilee was beginning to stir; groups such as the Zealots were urging the Jews to active resistance against the Romans, and Christ was anxious in case his brother should attract the wrong sort of attention, and become a target of the authorities. And he waited every day in hope of meeting the stranger again, and hearing more about his task as the word of God. How to cite The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ Chapter 4, Essay examples

The Significance of Sovereignty

Question: Discuss about theSignificance of Sovereignty. Answer: Introduction: A Sovereign State is a state that is independent in power, which is ruled by a centralized sovereign government, which is a ruling body without any political interference from other external powers. A sovereign state can exist without being disturbed or even recognized by other states, but unless there is self sufficiency, which is a large impossibility, trade dealings and diplomatic talks go on between the states, promoting global harmony (Dworkin, 2002). A complete opposite political entity is a non-sovereign state, which are independent states, which have not yet been recognized of their sovereignty. While sovereign stated exercise de jure or legal control of their states; non sovereign states exercise de facto or factual, not legally approved control of their states. For a state to be declared as a sovereign state, it has to be recognized by the member states of the international community. There are several attributes to it such as permanence, exclusiveness, all-comprehensiveness, inalienability, unity, imprescriptibility, indivisibility, absoluteness and originality (Krasner, 2001). The Declarative theory of the International Law defines the requirements for the recognition of sovereignty as a defined territory, a permanent population, an efficient government, and a capacity to enter into relation with other states. The Constitutive theory advocates the sovereignty of a state upon its recognition by other sovereign states. This essay puts forth a question whether the sovereign status of a state is absolutely necessary to aid its development. In order to answer the question, the characteristics of sovereignty, its influence in geo-politics, its advantages and disadvantages are discussed, with respect to The Republic of China (Taiwan). The Question of Sovereignty Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, is an island in East Asia, with the highest population and economy when compared to the non-sovereign states outside of the UN. It is one such non-sovereign state, which has declared independence way back in 1912, but still is not recognized as a sovereign state globally. In 1971, it lost its UN membership to the Peoples Republic of China, and in the 1980s, the mode of governance in Taiwan changed from a single party system to a democratic multi-party system. However, there has been a constant tussle between the government of Taiwan seeking sovereignty, and the Peoples Republic of China claiming Taiwan as its province (Copper, 2003). However, it continues to maintain non-diplomatic relations with other states, in order to maintain trade and political relations, and as many as 52 nations from all over the world are involved in bilateral relations with Taiwan. In order to question the need for a sovereign status to Taiwan, we need to analyze the achievements made by Taiwan in six major areas of development, compared to an assumption of its standings if it were declared sovereign. Economy The economy of Taiwan is the 5th largest in Asia, after a quick recovery from the global economic crisis that occurred in the period 2007-2010., even though it reached an all time low in 2009. The major source for Taiwans economical stability is its foreign trade, and its export goods, mainly comprising of electronic and industrial parts are of high demand in the United States of America. Even though a non-recognized state, Taiwan is a part of the World Trade Organization (WTO). There is a visible absence of Taiwans foreign relations with the Peoples Republic of China (Winkler, 2008). However, the lack of interactions with its own neighbor does not seem to affect Taiwans economy; as it holds a key position in the Asian and Global economy (Berger Lester, 2015). Administration Taiwan was declared as a democratic state in the 1980s, when the multi party system came into force. However, political rifts between China and Taiwan have been continuing since long, and this had led to the issue always hampering the political progress of Taiwan (Swaine, 2004). This pressure often leads to impaired international relations with respect to trade and foreign affairs between the two neighboring states. Another issue includes wavering terms with the USA in relation to arms procurement. These are some of the issues which would be non-existent, if Taiwan was declared a sovereign state. However, high level negotiations and discussions are on between Taiwan and China, which is hoped to indicate a better future, aiming at a fully independent and sovereign Taiwan. Military The military of Taiwan dates back to the early 1920s, where it had to face defeat at the hands of Mainland China. However today, Taiwan has a strong military base, with the optimal use of advanced technology in their campaigns (Bush, 2005). The Taiwan army has to be constantly on guard, defending the state from insurgent attacks from China, though their initial motive was an aggressive stance to reclaim their land of China. Today, the Taiwan army is the first-line of defense of the state against any possible invasions. Taiwan has established strong support from several nations including Japan, the USA, and Australia, of assistance in case of any invasions, with the RIMPAC activities conducted every two years on its side. However, as every nation allied with Taiwan is an ally of China as well, establishing a strong Taiwanese army is essential (Dumbaugh, 2007) Education Taiwan has an impressive literacy rate of 97.15%. Initially managed by Japan before Taiwan took over, the education system of Taiwan is considered to be one of the toughest in the world (Hsu, 2004). Science It has been severely criticized for putting too much of pressure on the students, not providing scope for creative and rationale learning, and over-emphasizing on rote learning. In higher education, the stream of Engineering is the most sought after by the students, as Taiwan has a large market in the manufacturing sector. Due to the increase in competition for higher education, whether within the state or abroad, there is a great demand for privately managed cram-schools and tutorials, where students attend crash courses to improve their expertise (Mok, 2003). Healthcare Taiwan is a developed economy, so the healthcare challenges faced by the people are similar to those in the USA obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Healthcare is managed by the National Health Insurance, which has 99% coverage (Chiu et al., 2007). The NHI is highly stringent in its laws and policies, demanding patient satisfaction as its primary achievement. However, there are issues with the Taiwan government not allocating sufficient funds to healthcare, and an absent national healthcare regulatory body, which leads to a comparatively lower quality of healthcare being provided to the people. Sports In sports, Taiwan competes under the name Chinese Taipei. This is mainly due to its non-sovereignty, and opposition from the PRC (Luo Wang, 2002). Taiwan excels in sports like archery, baseball, basketball, football, lawn tennis, and martial arts like taekwondo. It has several champion sportspersons, with the weightlifters and archers bringing in medals in the recently concluded summer Olympics at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sporting talent apart, the name Chinese Taipei is deliberately questionable, as it might reflect the Republic of China, or in reference to provincial hold of the PRC on Taiwan. However, the ambiguity does not seem to affect the sporting performance of the Taiwanese sportspersons. Having analyzed the developmental parameters of Taiwan, it is found to provide an ambiguous answer, as in most cases, lack of the States sovereignty does not affect the nations performance. In spite of being a non-sovereign, wannabe state, Taiwan has shown great strides of development, and has competed with several other nations and super powers in trade and economy. It has managed to ally with one of the worlds largest super power nations, and thus has obtained the support of most nations of the world, lest a military insurgency is planned against it. Taiwan is one among the toppers of the worlds literacy rates, which is a result of a healthy and stable economy. It is self sufficient in its produce, and has a high demand and export value for its products. It has a fairly healthy population, which is an indication of an overall prosperity. If Taiwan was a sovereign republic, the political issues would cease to exist. It need not compete in the international sporting arena under a pseudonym, and it would have support from the United Nations for many issues. However, given todays economic and educational strength, declaration of its sovereignty would be an asset than a need, but would still be welcome. Conclusion Sovereignty is a states right to itself, provided efficient rule is established. It is right for an established nation to take over another nations responsibility only if the former is unable to rule effectively. Taiwan, with its efficient management, growing economy, and high literacy and healthcare rates, has surpasses many developing nations in its progress. If this is the case without sovereignty, a sovereign Taiwan would top the world giving a stiff competition to other major developed nations. The question of whether the sovereign status of a state is absolutely necessary to aid its development can be answered with a yes and a no; a no for sovereignty not being the key factor in any development, and a yes as it is always good and safe to be completely independent in rule and identity. Thus, sovereignty promotes independence, inter-dependence, and a harmonious world at large. References Berger, S. Lester, R.K., 2015. Global Taiwan: Building competitive strengths in a new international economy. Routledge. Bush, R.C., 2005. Untying the knot: Making peace in the Taiwan Strait. Brookings Institution Press. Chiu, W.T., Yang, C.M., Lin, H.W. Chu, T.B., 2007. Development and implementation of a nationwide health care quality indicator system in Taiwan. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(1), pp.21-28. Copper, J.F., 2003. Taiwan: Nation-state or province? Boulder, CO. Dumbaugh, K., 2007. Taiwan: Recent Developments and US Policy Choices. Library of Congress Washington dc Congressional Research Service. Dworkin, R., 2002. Sovereign virtue: The theory and practice of equality. Harvard University Press. Hsu, S.-J., 2004. The effects of an environmental education program on responsible environmental behavior and associated environmental literacy variables in Taiwanese college students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 35(2), pp.37-48. Krasner, S.D., 2001. Rethinking the sovereign state model. Review of International Studies, 27(5), pp.17-42. Luo, Y.L. Wang, W.J., 2002. High-skill migration and Chinese Taipeis industrial development. International mobility of the highly skilled, 18, p.25369. Mok, K.H., 2003. Globalisation and higher education restructuring in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China. Higher Education Research and Development, 22(2), pp.117-29. Swaine, M.D., 2004. Trouble in Taiwan. Foreign Affairs, pp.39-49. Winkler, S., 2008. Can trade make a sovereign? TaiwanChinaEU relations in the WTO. Asia Europe Journal, 6(3-4), pp.467-85.

Hierarchical Systems in Management

Introduction Until recently, most organizations were vertical and had many layers of managers and supervisors between top management and frontline workers (Pettinger, Nelson Economy, 2010). The classic model of a vertical organization is, in principle, similar to that commonly used in traditional military organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hierarchical Systems in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The traditional approach to organizational problems sought to discover or prescribe basic values which could universally apply to any organization. Although it is generally recognized today that there are few, if any, principles which can be applied equally to all organizations, those developed from the classical approach, for generations, had and still have strong and pervasive influences on understanding management thinking and consequently, on the structure of organizations. Today, organizations exist and operate in a fast changing environment driven by advances in technology. While the concept of hierarchy made a lot of sense in the past, this may not be so in the present world. Guided by growth in technology and heightened competition, organizations are presented with numerous approaches to business operations. The increased use of groups or teams, the growth of flexible employment, increasing use of sub-contracting, an emphasis on participation and empowerment, and the involvement of many workers in decision making have all led to changes in the traditional boss-subordinate relationship. In turn, this has led to a discussion on the role of hierarchy in modern organizations and the extent to which managers can rely solely on their perceived formal authority within the structure of the organization. This paper seeks to establish the extent to which the the notion of hierarchy is relevant to our understanding of management in contemporary organizations. In spite of the rad ical transformation witnessed in the business environment, it is still believed that modern organizations can only be understood by first learning how they are affected by hierarchy. Hierarchical Systems To a large extent, most organizations have been influenced by how the military operates and by the desire to adopt modern styles of management based on science (Saxena, 2009). In general, bureaucracies and hierarchical structures are associated with most contemporary organizations as was the case with organizations in earlier generations. According to Lucey (2004), hierarchy appears to be a natural order of doing things that applies to every single organization. In these organizations, the behavior of employees is often controlled through rules and regulations formulated by human resource professionals. Business operations are often organized in functional departments that are headed by managers or supervisors. Usually, employees carrying out similar operations are stationed in the same neighborhood.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most cases, a hierarchical structure is considered applicable to varied organizations which include governments and even churches. In general, a hierarchical structure is familiar, predictable, and rational. However, despite being well known, the structure has inherent disadvantages that must be critically evaluated before adoption for any given situation. Simply stated, it is not a multi purpose organizational structure. The Importance of Hierarchy Besides embracing a variety of media, communication in organizations can take many different forms. The variety of media is usually presented in a format that shows the various alternatives available to the manager when choosing the mode of delivery. This helps managers to assess their personal qualities and consider what motivates and satisfies them at work. It also gives the m the opportunity to identify different career options and ways of developing their careers within an organization. In addition, it enables managers to begin the process of matching themselves to possible career options. Whether the environment is formal or informal, it is not possible to escape from a functional hierarchy. However, the more skilled the company’s workforce is the fewer the tiers of management and individual managers required. Though it is often assumed that communication takes the form of telling someone to do something, it is a much more extended, complex and subtle process, embracing careful examination of what is to be transmitted and how it is transmitted, ensuring the existence of an environment conducive to full understanding of the message sent, ensuring that the message received is identical to that sent, and seeing to it that communication is accepted and acted upon by its recipient. Traditionally, senior managers have been concerned with setting the strategic direction and objectives for the organization, and middle managers have been tasked with making things happen and managing changes. The corollary is that senior managers are concerned with results and middle managers with how the results are achieved. Ordinarily, managers are required to analyze every bit of information to support decision making and to achieve set objectives and goals. There is a lot of muddled thinking about hierarchies and the whole issue of how equally people are treated within companies (Miller, 2007). Ideally, it is necessary to endeavor to reinforce the authority of individual decisions. Oftentimes, however, when a decision of significant importance has to be made, there is a tendency for individuals to be fearful of making such a decision or else they feel the need for collective ratification of the decision. Under such circumstances, the formation of a committee helps the various members to afford each other mutual support. As noted earlier, it i s practically impossible to escape from a functional hierarchy, despite the fact that a more skilled workforce requires fewer tiers of management and individual mangers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hierarchical Systems in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The precise nature of career management tends to vary for different people, depending upon their current work situation and the extent to which they want it to develop. Thus individuals will find different exercises relevant at different times in their working lives. It is important to bear in mind that there are many variables which influence the most appropriate organizational structure and system of management. They include situational factors and the contingency approach. Changing patterns of work organization, the demand for greater flexibility, and the multi-skills challenge, as well as managerial processes such as delegation and empowerment , all have a major inter-relationship with structure and thus influence decisions on structural design. It takes the organizational values and policies and the legal requirement which have a bearing on the collection of information and how the information is to be interpreted. One needs to check that the recipient understands the information and advice provided, and observe the rules and guidelines on confidentiality as well as laws on data protection. As noted by Miller (2007), it has become clear that the concept of organization is not an absolute. It is a tool for making people productive in working together. While recognizing that there is clearly no one right organization, there is nevertheless in the final analysis, an underlying need to establish a framework of order and system of command by which the work to be undertaken is accomplished successfully. This demands that attention be given to certain basic principles and considerations in the design of organizational structure s, or in reviewing the effectiveness of existing structures. According to Kuhn (2006), the flow of communication largely depends on the hierarchy of the modern day organization. The strict classical hierarchy, which can be found in the so called old economy, caused a top-down communication structure. With the evolution of modern business, however, the need to change the hierarchy in organizations to allow flexibility is very critical (Kuhn, 2006). Due to the changing demands from customers and tasks which have to be satisfied, teamwork is one of the key words in modern businesses. By building teams of experts based on customer demands, the modern business is more process oriented than hierarchy oriented. The communication model can be better understood if the hierarchy is in the context of communication flows within an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The communication flow in modern businesses can be visualized as a net. Everyone communicates with everyone. This influences the hierarchical structure to a very high degree. Although it may appear that no differences are noticeable, hierarchy still exists in modern organizations. However, through the possibility of network communication, organizations have become more flat unlike in the past. Effect of a Deficient Organizational Structure It is not easy to describe, in a positive manner, what makes up a good or effective organizational structure although attention should be given to critical design factors. However, the negative effects of a poorly designed structure can be identified more easily. Generally, an organization is like an organism, having a moment of birth, growth through several distinct stages of development, maturation, and finally an end. As a matter of fact, there are numerous pathogens that can prove fatal to a company including seismic shifts in markets, myopic strategic vision, hostile takeovers, unforeseen competitive technologies, and the like. If a company has the competencies that flow from self awareness and self regulation, motivation and empathy, leadership skills and open communication, it should prove to be more resilient regardless of what the future brings. Apparently, it has always been part of the role of a good manager, supervisor, or team leader to be able to respond constructively to the emotional and inter-personal difficulties of members of his or her team. In the recent past, however, an increasing number of organizations have sought to augment the counseling skills of their managers by making professional counseling available to employees. Handling information is undertaken with consideration for the rights of people to know that information is stored and available and the importance of using appropriate communication methods. A number of researchers have tended to lay emphasis on the technical planning of the organiza tion and the importance of determining and laying out structures before giving any thought to the individual members of the organization. As part of the obvious duty of the manager, it is not a substitute for the need for definite planning of the structure. In short, a very large proportion of the friction and confusion in current society, with its manifest consequences in human suffering, may be traced back directly to faulty organization in the structure sense. Emphasis on the logical design of organization structure rather than the development around the personalities of its members is typical of the classical approach to organization and management. Recent attempts made to flatten the management hierarchy in organizations have sought, among other things, to reduce stratification caused by the organizational structure. The use of teams, for example, is meant to break down existing hierarchical structures in organizations and to create an environment where employees can freely dis cuss issues with one another and offer support when needed. However, each of these teams works through an organizational hierarchy. According to Harris (2006), it is possible for teams to function productively in a hierarchical, socially stratified environment seen in most organizations. This is, however, a challenge for some organizations. Conclusion Despite the fact that the contemporary business world has largely been affected by changes in technology, hierarchy still exists in organizations and is relevant for understanding the structure of organizations today. Clearly, the new business environment encourages a flat rather than a hierarchical structure in organizations but does not completely kill the existences of a structure of authority within organizations. In any modern business environment, many channels of communication exist and may be used by managers as they please to reach other employees. Similarly, employees can easily gain direct access to anyone in the organizatio n when required without having to go through an intermediary. Great organizations do not just happen by chance. Any positive organization must be based on sound, general principles of behavior to effectively guide operations. Considering that organizations exist and operate in circumstances that are generally unique, it is imperative for every single organization to come up with structures that are suitable to their own business operations. References Harris, M. G. (2006). Managing Health Services: Concepts and Practice. Marrickville, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Kuhn, M. (2006). Communication Systems in Modern Business Management Structures – Needs, Requirements and Solutions. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag. Lucey, T. (2004). Management Information Systems. Bedford Row, London: Cengage Learning EMEA. Miller, A. (2007). How to Manage Human Resource in Organizations. Maitland, FL: Xulon Press. Pettinger, R., Nelson, B. Economy, P. (2010). Managing For Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wil ey and Sons. Saxena, P. K. (2009). Principles of Management: A Modern Approach. Darya Ganj: Global India Publications. This essay on Hierarchical Systems in Management was written and submitted by user Sage Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Magona

To My Children’s Children by Sindiwe Magona is an autobiography that creatively illustrates her development into womanhood while integrating her limitations due to apartheid. Amazingly Magona tells of her loving childhood with an optimistic tone even though she and her family had to overcome struggles dealing with poverty, death, schooling, pregnancy, politics and racism. Apartheid may have cynically affected many aspects of Sindiwe’s life, but she never allowed her determination or spirit to be defeated. There were many facets of Magona’s life that were affected by Apartheid, one of them being the educational system. Under the rules of a Bantu education, the government believed that Black Africans should only be educated for their opportunities in life and that there was no place for them above the level of certain forms of labor. (Magona) Luckily, Sindiwe just missed the year that this form of thought was put into effect, so she was able to graduate high school and go on to earn a degree as a teacher. This did however, affect her teaching career. There were too many students, not enough books, and the grade levels were all mixed. Although she tried to teach some the basics, most of the time it seemed futile in trying to organize the abilities of the students, or even teach lessons. Then there was her salary, or lack there of. Magona had a degree and earned very little. â€Å"Yes, teacher’s salaries, a decade and a half after I had started teaching, were still so low a s to elicit scorn from everybody, from lowly domestic workers to common criminals. When I had entered the field of education, to say I had been astounded at the pittance African teachers earned would be an understatement.† (Magona, 96) Another part of Magona’s life affected by Apartheid was her environment; where she grew up. Black African’s were forced to move to homelands, which were designated areas. These places were usually pits of poverty. â€Å" Blaau... Free Essays on Magona Free Essays on Magona To My Children’s Children by Sindiwe Magona is an autobiography that creatively illustrates her development into womanhood while integrating her limitations due to apartheid. Amazingly Magona tells of her loving childhood with an optimistic tone even though she and her family had to overcome struggles dealing with poverty, death, schooling, pregnancy, politics and racism. Apartheid may have cynically affected many aspects of Sindiwe’s life, but she never allowed her determination or spirit to be defeated. There were many facets of Magona’s life that were affected by Apartheid, one of them being the educational system. Under the rules of a Bantu education, the government believed that Black Africans should only be educated for their opportunities in life and that there was no place for them above the level of certain forms of labor. (Magona) Luckily, Sindiwe just missed the year that this form of thought was put into effect, so she was able to graduate high school and go on to earn a degree as a teacher. This did however, affect her teaching career. There were too many students, not enough books, and the grade levels were all mixed. Although she tried to teach some the basics, most of the time it seemed futile in trying to organize the abilities of the students, or even teach lessons. Then there was her salary, or lack there of. Magona had a degree and earned very little. â€Å"Yes, teacher’s salaries, a decade and a half after I had started teaching, were still so low a s to elicit scorn from everybody, from lowly domestic workers to common criminals. When I had entered the field of education, to say I had been astounded at the pittance African teachers earned would be an understatement.† (Magona, 96) Another part of Magona’s life affected by Apartheid was her environment; where she grew up. Black African’s were forced to move to homelands, which were designated areas. These places were usually pits of poverty. â€Å" Blaau...

The Bruce Tuckman Model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Bruce Tuckman Model - Coursework Example She does not appear to have any interest in the workplace and she finds her work boring and therefore, she may come late to the office. Nevertheless, upon finding her work interesting, she takes to the next level of performance as noted in the case description. Still, the management has to give her more responsibility so that she can consider herself a valued member of the crew. For starters, the organization needs to make her a team-leader and ask her to be on time because now she will have a set of subordinates whom would look up to her for deriving inspiration (Salas, Rosen, & King, 2007). The female is a competent worker and one she will have a lot of responsibility under her belt then her behavior will get matured over time. Workers whom are trying to get away with laziness are of the view that they are equally important for the organization as her but they are apparently not so the management has to clarify by taking stiff action that not everyone is going to be tolerated with unacceptable work behaviors. Additionally, the champ has to be disciplined if her behavior does not improve in parallel to the increase in terms of her authority in the organization and then she will have to be put into progressive disciplinary action. On the other hand, my personal feelings are irrelevant regarding achieving an effective resolve of the situation. I personally feel that blessing her with adequate level of power in the company will have the ability to strait her abilities in a better way. The model of Tuckman is no doubt an important tool used for team building but the current problem is attached with trouble in normalizing the performance (Tuckman & Jensen, 1977). However, in order to correct the flaw, management has to step back and conduct a storming session in the headship of a troubled employee so that she can significantly contribute towards assigning roles and responsibilities to those who intend to serve under her. Conclusively, the proposed

Bhp billiton PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bhp billiton - PowerPoint Presentation Example Slide 3 - 5 Panda Pit, BPH Billiton Open Cut Mining, BHP Billiton Crushed product awaiting shipment, BHP Billiton Slide 6 Industry Analysis (Barrile, 2008) Macro-environment Analysis Political issues Operates in countries with different political systems Black Economic Empowerment legislation introduced labor inequalities legislation in South Africa where most of the mining operations are located BHP Billiton has to operate within a broad range of the political (and legal) systems. The global nature of their operations in countries such as Chile, Australia, China and the US means that it must mitigate its activities in light of varying political processes and legal systems. By way of example in South Africa, where the company has considerable mining operations, Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) legislation has been introduced to address inequalities created by past history, particularly the exclusion of black African people from participating in the country’s economy. ... The compliance costs and in some cases remedial costs could increase the group's operational costs which in turn could affect its operating margins (Datamonitor, 2011). Consequently, these regulatory mechanisms could adversely impact the cost, production and financial performance of the group's operations. Furthermore, the interplay of demand and supply, as in other markets, is the key to price setting in commodity markets. In turn higher commodity prices can substantially add to BHP Billiton’s earnings which was the case at the end of the 2007 financial year (Barrile, 2008). Slide 7 Industry Analysis Macro-environment Analysis Social issues Affected by health, safety, environmental and community related issues BHP Billiton is affected by a range of social factors including health, safety, environmental and community related issues. The company uses the term ‘sustainability development’ to implement a broad program of policies, processes and activities that aim to make the company more responsive to social and community needs in the conduct of its businesses. Sustainability development is considered in two dimensions-the ‘business’ and ‘sustainability’ dimensions that come together to produce a more stable and valuable whole. (Barrile, 2008) Technological issues Innovation through the activities of employees such as engineers and scientists facilitate growth Focus on existing and new technologies in exploration and process engineering Science and technology are crucial factors that will bring continued success to the industry. Technological innovation through the activities of employees such as engineers and scientists facilitates growth and improved financial performance. The company focuses on understanding future trends and

Gothic Culture: History, Culture and Art

Gothic Culture: History, Culture and Art To find the influence of Gothic culture was been easy for popular culture. However, to give a clear definition for Gothic culture was been difficult because different connotations and quality of uncertainty was had in the term of Gothic in different social-cultural group. For examples, industrial or classical music, Goths like that, but it was not gothic. For another examples vampires and interest in death, were gothic, in spit that many Goths disliked. Such as bands like Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails, were thought of as gothic by some people, but they were not gothic. And such bands like Sisters of Mercy and Dead Can Dance, did not call themselves gothic even if they were considered gothic by most people. It was an ambiguous label with many people using it that didnt understand the meaning. The people who did understand it often had many different definitions. The background of gothic culture The term Gothic was used to symbolize forms of art of the Middle-Ages. The Middle-Ages was referred to the period between the Classical era and the Renaissance. For the Italians hated that the Goth destroyed the Roman Empire at that time, it meant barbaric and boorish that they called the period as Gothic. Around at 1800, the culture of the Middle-Ages and its related things gradually became a kind of fashion in some peoples eyes in the Romantic Movement. The romanticism was the center of this cultural movement. The romanticist was willing to jump up from the limit of history. Some wished they had returned the Middle-Ages, some looked for the ideal from the religion or the mysticism, and some tried to find the answer in the nature. In the whole Romantic Movement, Goth began to be considered it as related to dark, exotic, ghosts. For example, the romantic and gothic writers such as Byron, Shelley, Baudelaire, as well as Verlaine were engrossed in the expression of the dark side of human beings. At this period, many gothic novelists were constantly emerging. Gothic literature was a challenge to the orthodox thought pattern in the current temporal society. Gothic sentiment had a very clear manifestation in the visual arts. The dark and the desolation were drawn by the painter such as Caspar David Friedrich. The Gothic style in the realm of architecture had been becoming fashionable. In the80s of 20th century, modern Gothic movement started in the UK. The emergence of the Gothic movement might be considered as the continuity of punk movement. The people were shown the influence of Gothic spirit in musical field. It was known that The Gothic music took human gloomy and empty as the theme. Moreover, death was focus on as an intense interest. Slowness, sadness, and even terror, were the characteristics of the music. The History of Gothic culture Generally speaking, the origin of gothic movement was considered as Bauhaus released the song Bela Lugosis Dead in 1979. The first generation of the movement emerged in the UK, which was a splinter from the punk movement. Bands, such as the Damned, Bauhaus, the Banshees and Siouxsie who were called so later were the first generation which didnt consider them as Gothic at that time. In the early 1980s, the gothic movement was flourished with bands like the Sisters of Mercy at the forefront. However, the movement was going off by the middle to late 1980s. In the late eighties and early nineties, a new and second generation of gothic bands grew to breathe new life into the scene. They regularly called themselves Gothic in contrast with the first. Examples would include The Shroud, Rosetta Stone, and London After Midnight. At the same time the US Goth movement turned up significantly. Gothic became recognized as a distinct subculture. Gothic music and culture grew and branched out into various subsets. The boundaries of gothic what had previously been considered were expanded. It was apparent that widespread mainstream was interested in the gothic subculture in recent time. The behavior was many quirks of gothic culture have filtered into mainstream culture, such as an interest in the supernatural and dark aesthetics. In the late 1990s a distinct third generation emerged to shape the future progression of the gothic movement. The third generation stood for an explosion in the number of people referring to themselves as gothic. Many people had learned about gothic culture because the present widespread commercial was available. Shock Rock (Marilyn Manson) became the spotlight onto this subculture. The term of Spooky kids was often used for these youths. The first and second generations of Goths looked suspiciously upon the new generation, who doubted their authenticity and disliked the exposure they gave to a subculture which would prefer to remain underground. It would be difficult to predict what the future held for the Gothic movement. Gothic culture and Gothic art As above exposition on this topic, it was indicated that to give a definition of Gothic culture was difficult. However, Gothic art given birth by Gothic culture included the following parts: the Gothic literature, the Gothic film, the Gothic music, the Gothic painting, the Gothic architecture, the Gothic fashion. Gothic literature Gothic fiction as a kind of Gothic literature would be introduced in this paper. It belonged to the English literature faction which generally considered come forth as the novel Ao Telang Fort map written by Horace Hua Er Boer. It was Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823) who established truly the standard style of Gothic fiction. Her novel The Mysteries of Udolpho was published in 1794. The Casles of Athlin and Dunbayne was published in 1789. The Romance of the Forest was published in 1791. The Italian was published in 1797. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley, the wife of England poet Shelley, in 1818, which was considered as the first true sense of science fiction in the world. However, Gothic fiction had waned in U.K. of 1840. It was because that too many cheap writers created cheap horror fictions and over-exposure of sexual description. The works of violence came out to greatly reduce the status of the Gothic fiction. In spite that Gothic fiction had a deep effect on the literature of Victorian era, it set off a wave of short ghost stories at that period. Moreover, it brought into being Allen Poes story with the theme of death. It was called back after the rush of Victorian ghost story. It was in 1880 when the Gothic-style novel was revitalized as a kind of semi-orthodox literature. Stevenson and Wilder were the writers in this period. The most popular villain of Goth was birth in the fiction Dracula written by Bram Stoker. The character often came out in the Gothic film later. Gothic film The first influential gothic film was Haxan directed by a Swede Benjamin Christensen in 1921. After a year, Germany director Murnau shot a film Nosferatu which became the first landmark of the Gothic Film in the history of mankind. American director Browning took the story about Vampire Count Dracula on the big screen in accordance with Stokes Original novel in 1931. This film is Vampires Breakfast that is the first Gothic talkie. French director Georges Franju shot a film Eyes without a Face which is the first classical Gothic film without Vampire image. It is worth mentioning that the Hollywood Desire directed by Tony Scott in 1983 of the whole 80s. Gothic film was truly ushered in a golden period of development until the 90s of last century. The U. S. director Tim Burton shot a film Edward Scissorhands in 1990. The film Sleepy Hollow was released in 1999. The Hollywood director Coppola shot a film Dracula. And other films such as Interview with the Vampire shot by Irish director Neil Jordan, the Crow shot by U.S. director Provas, and Dellamorte directed by Italian Michele Soavi were worth watching. A surprising film Brotherhood of The Wolf was shown to the gothic fans all over world by Franch director Gans in 2001. Two years later, another surprising was 3D animation Kaena. At the same time, the topic of Gothic film was more and more extensive instead of the solo theme of epic. Gothic film started to move closer to the traditional type of film, and gradually blend of the characteristics of other traditional types. It made the audience accept them easier. The three American films as Queen of the Damned, Underworld in 2003, and Van Helsing directed by Stephen Sommers in 2004 were the representatives. Gothic music It was usually considered that Gothic music is gloomy, icy, and decadent, making an atmosphere with terror. The people were gotten to feel oppressive and hopeless. Full with artistic spirit, the willing to death and black color was often expressed. Its mood was full of being tired of the world. It listened like bone-chilly, with a fine sense of beauty. At the same time, lots of inconsistent tone were deviated from the melody line and were inserted at the range level. Extreme contempt for all the traditional music was shown. In the lyrics and at the performance level, a desolate life and erotic was expressed by the singer. The state of reality was disgusted, and the executed fun of spiritual abyss was pursued. Nowadays so called Gothic music exactly refers to Goth Rock. This music genre was brought out in the 80s of the 20th century. It had no relation to the original meaning of the term Goth. It was so called Goth just because the elements of horror and darkness were borrowed from Gothic fictions of the 18th or 19th century. The origin of Gothic Rock was affected by two parties. One was post-punk movement at the end of 70s. The other was Gothic fiction of the 18th or 19th century. The inclination of restoring ancient ways was demonstrated clearly in Gothic music that was applied by opera voice. There were some famous Gothic bands such as Autumn Tear, Bauhaus, Christian Death, Dead Can Dance, Death In June, Nick Cave The Bad Seeds, The Cure, Fields of the Nephilim, The Sister Of Mercy, and The Swans. Gothic Painting Font The zenith of Gothic painting was between the 14th and the 15th century. In the end period of the 20th century, a very big effect had been put in the field of painting by the development of computer technology. To draw by computer board was tried by many painters. Gothic painting was driven into a new realm. For example, Linda Bergkvist, born in Sweden, made a lot of Gothic-genre CG cuts. Gothic Fonts had many different styles with classic and luxuriance. An example was the title of the cover of Death Note. Gothic Architecture Gothic architecture was a kind of architectural style, prosperous in the Middle-Ages. It was evolved from Romanesque architecture, and inherited by the Renaissance. It was originated in France in the twelfth century. It was continued until the sixteenth century. Acuminate arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses were included in the features. Most of all were seen in the Catholic Church, as well as the secular buildings. An important position was occupies by Gothic architecture with its high degree of technical and artistic achievements in history of the construction. The most famous Gothic architectures were such as Assumption Cathedral of Russia, Duomo del Mialno of Italy, the Cathedral of Cologne of Germany, Westminster Abbey of England, Notre Dame Cathedral of France were. Duomo Del Mialno of Italy was the biggest one in the world. Gothic Fashion The sublime related to fear was considered the foundation of Gothic aesthetics. The well-known England Esthetician Edmund Burk divided calli- beau into the beautiful and the sublime. When he discussed the sublime, he had already talked about the strongest emotion of mankind is fear. And he linked the sublime with the fear. In the eighties, the Gothic style clothing was evolved from Gothic music. Black-dyed long hair, pale skin, tight black cloth, pointed boots and a large number of silver, mostly used by religious design of early Europe and Egypt . However, these clothing was not accepted by mainstream fashion designers at the time because of its somewhat negative, aggressive and brutal style with the distribution of revolt spirit. Until nowadays, Gothic clothing style was popular again. Then clothing is not only limited to order superfine cloth by small workshops. It was started to pay attention by the designer of some great dress brands, such as Kenzo, Anna Sui, Issey Miyake and so on. The Reason for Goth Become a Popular Culture from Subculture According to the analysis of Goth cultures history, I think there are some reasons for Goth become a popular culture from the original subculture. Firstly of all, the rich spiritual connotation of Gothic culture was the basis for keeping its sustained vitality. Secondly, a more easily accessible channel was supplied to ordinary people by the popularity of mass media, especially the advances in computer technology. Thirdly, the business value behind the culture was cared by some big commercial companies, such as film studio, record company, clothing company with a great brand. It was invested. The consumption goods of this style were made for market sale. That pushed the development of Goth from subculture into popular culture. Fourthly, the buying ability of young people, with a strong ability to accept popular culture, was obviously enhanced, with the development of the world economy. The promotion of the Goth culture was speeded up.

The Role of Minor Characters in Shakespeares Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

The Role of Minor Characters in Shakespeare's Hamlet Minor characters play a very crucial role in Shakespear's Hamlet. They serve as narrators for events that occurred outside the immediate play: the Dane's ghost. Distinct contrasts are created through the usage of the play's minor characters. The reader gains new perspective on Hamlet's character when he is compared with Laertes. The presence of these minor characters can also have a direct effect on the action of the play. The actors in the play within the play are used to expose the guilt of Claudius; Hamlet then has proof of the King's crimes. The expertise use of these characters - either to exemplify good and purity, or to spread the vile corruption which permeates Elsinore - is one of the main reasons for Hamlet's success as one of the greatest plays ever written. Some events in Hamlet must be narrated to the reader, and to the major characters, through minor characters which have a direct link to the events. Shakespear builds the entire play around information which was narrated to Hamlet by his father's ghost. The ghost tells Hamlet of events which the reader would otherwise never know about: the murder of the former Dane by Claudius. When Horatio reads the letter that he has received from Hamlet the reader is informed of how Hamlet has evaded Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Also, the events occurring in Norway reach the court by means of an emissary, Voltimand, sent to check on Fortinbras. These events have a strong and direct relevancy to the plot and movement of the play. Shakespear uses contrast to highlight the qualities of the characters in Hamlet; this contrast shows up in the minor characters. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, false friends of Hamlet who succumb to Claudius' corruptness, serve as a distinct contrast to the loyal friendship that Horatio shares with Hamlet. Voltimand is used to contrast Polonius' often comic verbosity. While Polonius dresses up all his speeches with the language of the court, Voltimand is able to give his entire report on Fortinbras in a matter of seconds. The most powerful foil in the play is between Laertes and Hamlet. Upon hearing of the death of his father, Laertes becomes enraged, and seeks immediate vengeance; he does not delay, and acts instantaneously. When the ghost tells Hamlet of Claudius' crimes, Hamlet is unable to act. He procrastinates, missing many opportunities to avenge his father, and acts when it is already too late.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Essay

There are different research methods that have been guided by different philosophy of science that were developed by philosopher, researcher and sociologist at their time of era. The well-known research methods are quantitative research methods. Quantitative are numerical methods associated with deductive approaches. Quantitative research methods are usually guided by the principles of positivism as it takes on objective reality and accepts single reality. Quantitative methods are usually used to measure size, observe numerical change over time, audience segmentation, testing hypothesis, and, quantifying attitudes, behaviors and opinions. The main importance of quantitative research is on deductive reasoning which tends to move from the general to the specific. The validity of conclusions is shown to be dependent on one or more premises being valid. For example, All students who study MBA in Kathmandu University works in a bank. Seema studies in MBA in Kathmandu University. Based on the premises, we can say that Seema works in a bank. Premises used in deductive reasoning are important because faulty premises can lead to wrong conclusions. Another popular method is qualitative method, which are usually associated with inductive approaches. Qualitative research methods are used on subjective matter, as in-depth study to explore subject matter. Qualitative research methods are guided by philosophies as post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism. Qualitative research methods offer different kinds of ways to investigate on research problems as interview methods, focused group discussions,case studies and many others to understand the certain circumstances or culture in the society. The approach adopted by qualitative researchers tends to be inductive which means that they develop a theory or look for a pattern of meaning on the basis of the data that they have collected. This involves a move from the specific to the general and is sometimes called a bottom-up approach. However, most research projects also involve a certain degree of deductive reasoning (Trochim, 2005). Quantitative Research is more about collecting numerical data to study about certain phenomena. For example, what percentage of Nepalese student who go to US for foreign degree complete graduate course in United States? Other examples may be what percentage of Nepalese students who are studying in TU have negative attitude towards TU administrations. One usually has to use quantitative research when one wants answer in numbers. However, one has to study about complex situations and go with in-depth studies then qualitative methods should be used. For example, researcher wants to know how people view politics in Nepal? Similarly, a researcher wants to do ethnographic study of the culture of Tharus of Nepal and lives with Tharu for some years, immerse himself/herself in that environment to discover the meanings, convention of behavior, and ways of thinking important in tharu cultures. Similarly, even though the selection of research methods are based upon the problem selected, resource available, the skills of researcher and audience of the research, both the methodologies are also used together in a research which is known as mixed methods. â€Å"Mixed methods often combine nomothetic and idiographic approaches in an attempt to serve the dual purposes of generalization and in-depth understanding—to gain an overview of social regularities from a larger sample while understanding the other through detailed study of a smaller sample. Full integration of these approaches is difficult, hence the predominance of component studies†(Pat Bazeley, 2004) References (Bazeley, 2004) Social Research Methods. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2012, from www.socialresearchmethods. net: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positivism (2005). In W. M. Trochium, Research Methods (2nd ed.).

Financial Planning And Retirement Planning Essay - 1526 Words

Financial planning and retirement planning will not be the same as it was for the previous generations of retirees. As people continue to live longer, they will need to save more money to adequately prepare for a retirement period that may last just as long as their working career. In addition to a longer life expectancy, retirees will also have to deal with the possibility of taking care of their aging parents as well as adult children who may need to move back home for an extended stay. Considering these potential outcomes and obstacles, baby boomers should have a sense of urgency when it comes to saving for retirement. Yet, the question is often asked, why aren’t consumers saving more for retirement? One potential answer to this phenomenon is that consumers are in too much debt to save. Individuals are shaped by their environment and the historical era or period in which they were associated (Houle, 2014). Today’s pre-retirees were the first generation to come of age in a historical period where debt was readily accessible and acceptable. In addition to the previous obstacles mentioned, challenges such as consumer and credit card debt, mortgages, 401(k) loans, medical debt, and even student loans hinder pre-retirees from saving for their own retirement. A review of the literature revealed a significant amount of research on the various types of debt pre-retirees are currently servicing. 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